The Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi), or Rothschild’s mynah, is an iconic endemic species of Bali. Its pristine white plumage and bright blue mask captivate with their unique elegance. This bird symbolises Indonesia’s rich biodiversity and the challenges of its conservation. Today, it faces significant threats such as habitat loss and illegal trade.
Article & photography by © Damien Lafon
Physical Characteristics and Habitat: Unique Appearance, Fragile Environment
The Bali Starling is a medium-sized bird, measuring about 25 cm in length, with bright white plumage. Its wings and tail are tipped with black feathers, creating a striking contrast. Its eyes are surrounded by a bright blue mask, and its greyish legs complete its elegant appearance.
This endemic bird prefers tropical dry forests, savannahs and the edges of cultivated areas, habitats mainly located in Bali Barat National Park and on neighboring islands such as Nusa Penida, Nusa Ceningan and Nusa Lembongan. Unfortunately, deforestation and agricultural expansion have drastically reduced its natural habitat, increasing the threats to the species.
Did you know?
The Bali starling is one of the rarest birds in the world, with fewer than 50 individuals left in the wild.
Diet and Behavior: A Vital Role in the Ecosystem
The Bali starling is omnivorous, consuming fruits, seeds, insects, and small invertebrates. Thanks to this varied diet, it plays a vital ecological role, particularly in seed dispersal. As a result, it actively contributes to the regeneration of local forests. During the breeding season, its protein requirements increase, and its diet focuses more on insects. These prey are particularly important, as they provide the nutrients needed to feed the young.
In addition, these birds are known for their social nature. They form monogamous pairs and engage in behaviors such as mutual grooming. In addition, they share food, strengthening the bonds within the pair. Thus, their social lifestyle plays a crucial role in group cohesion.
Reproduction and Life Cycle: Preserving Future Generations
The breeding season of the Bali Starling coincides with the rains in Bali, usually from October to November. These birds nest in tree cavities, where the female lays 2-3 eggs. Both parents actively participate in incubating and feeding the chicks, a strategy that improves their chances of survival. However, the lack of mature trees suitable for nesting is a growing problem. Forest destruction not only reduces available nesting sites but also increases competition with other bird species.
Conservation Efforts: Innovative Initiatives for a Better Future
In the face of these challenges, several conservation initiatives have been put in place to protect the Bali starling. Indeed, the Begawan Foundation, active since 1999, has succeeded in reintroducing these birds into their natural habitat. In 2015, approximately 200 starlings were living in the wild on the island of Nusa Penida. An innovative method called breeding loan involves local communities in conservation. This program, managed by the Mynah Conservation Association in Java, provides birds to breeders in exchange for material guarantees. These breeders must release some of the birds into the wild, thus helping to increase wild populations and reduce the impact of poaching.
The breeding aviaries of the Bali Safari and Marine Park also play a crucial role. By maintaining a genetically diverse population, these programs reduce the risk of inbreeding while increasing the number of individuals reintroduced into the wild.
Did you know?
Tropical dry forests, the primary habitat of the Bali starling, are among the most threatened ecosystems in Indonesia, with an alarming annual loss of biodiversity.
Continuing Challenges: Poaching and Habitat Loss
Despite many efforts, the Bali starling remains critically endangered, with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the wild. However, the majority of the population is maintained in captivity through conservation programs. Poaching, driven by high demand on the black market for exotic birds, remains a major threat. At the same time, deforestation and habitat fragmentation make these birds even more vulnerable to predators and human disturbance.
While challenges exist, significant progress has been made through technological advances and international collaborations. For example, GPS tags track the movements of reintroduced birds and provide crucial data to adjust strategies. In addition, educational programs raise awareness among local communities and tourists about the importance of preserving this iconic species. Thus, legal efforts, community initiatives and scientific research
Follow us on Instagram and Facebook to stay informed and support our media via www.helloasso.com
This article may interest you: https://terra-cultura.com/en/the-pink-flamingo-the-most-known-mediterranean-wader/
