The island of Java in Indonesia is renowned for its lush landscapes, majestic volcanoes, and picturesque beaches. However, in the small village of Sukamade, located in the southeastern region of the island, a lesser-known industry plays a crucial role in the local economy.
Article & photography by © Damien Lafon

The article delves into the production of latex and rubber, examining working conditions, sales prices, and worker wages. It offers a comprehensive look into this industry, providing readers with a detailed insight into rural economics and the challenges encountered by Indonesian farmers. This exploration sheds light on the significant role of latex and rubber production in the local economy, highlighting both the hardships and resilience of the workers involved.
An overview of latex production
Latex production in Sukamade is rooted in a long agricultural tradition. Rubber plantations, where latex is harvested, cover a significant portion of the landscape. The Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the predominant species here, cultivated for its resilience and high latex yield.
The latex harvesting process is labor-intensive and demanding. Latex tappers, often referred to as “tappers,” start their day well before dawn. Armed with specially designed knives, they make incisions in the bark of the rubber trees to allow the latex to flow out. This latex is collected in cups attached to the tree. Harvesting typically occurs early in the morning to avoid the intense heat of the day, which can affect the quality of the latex. Once collected, the latex is transported to processing units where it is treated to produce rubber.


Working hours and conditions
The work of latex tappers is exhausting and requires great skill. On average, a tapper works about 10 hours a day. Their days often begin at 4 a.m. and end in the early afternoon. Due to the demanding nature of this work, tappers must be in good physical condition and possess in-depth knowledge of tapping techniques to maximize production without damaging the trees.
Working conditions in Sukamade plantations vary but are often challenging. Workers face unpredictable weather conditions, the risk of insect-borne diseases, and prolonged exposure to chemicals used in latex processing. Despite these challenges, the Sukamade community remains resilient, drawing strength from strong family and community traditions.
The selling price of latex and rubber
The price of latex is influenced by various factors, including global market fluctuations, latex quality, and production costs. On average, the price of raw latex ranges between $1.50 and $2.00 per kilogram. However, this price can vary significantly based on global economic conditions and trade policies.
Once processed into rubber, the added value increases. Natural rubber is a crucial material in many industries, notably the automotive industry for tire manufacturing and the manufacturing sector for various products such as gloves and shoes. The price of processed rubber can reach up to $3.50 per kilogram, offering significant profit potential for local producers.

Worker wages
Wages for latex workers in Sukamade are relatively modest, reflecting the economic challenges of many rural regions in Indonesia. A latex tapper earns an average of 100,000 to 150,000 IDR (about $7 to $10) per day. This wage can vary based on experience, productivity, and specific agreements within each plantation.
Although this income may seem low by international standards, it is important to note that the cost of living in Sukamade is also lower. Nevertheless, workers often need to supplement their income through other agricultural activities or small businesses to support their families.
Challenges and future prospects
The latex and rubber industry in Sukamade faces several challenges. Global price fluctuations, changing climatic conditions, and environmental pressures are factors that can affect production and worker income. Additionally, plantations must continuously manage tree health and soil quality to ensure sustainable production.
Despite these challenges, there are opportunities to improve the living and working conditions of latex producers. Initiatives aimed at introducing sustainable agricultural practices, diversifying income sources, and improving access to education and healthcare can greatly contribute to the resilience of the Sukamade community.
Conclusion
The production of latex and rubber in Sukamade, Java, is a vital activity that supports the local economy and the livelihoods of many families. Although working conditions are tough and wages modest, the community shows remarkable resilience in the face of challenges. By exploring sustainable solutions and strengthening local infrastructure, Sukamade can continue to thrive and play a key role in Indonesia’s rubber industry.



Follow us on Instagram and Facebook to keep up to date and support our media at www.helloasso.com
This article may be of interest to you: https://terra-cultura.com/en/is-seaweed-farming-a-sustainable-model-for-bali/