Angkor Wat, a symbol of the ancient Khmer Empire, is a remarkable structure dating back to the 12th century. This unique site continues to interest historians, architects and visitors from many countries.
Article by Sherenna Scheers / photographs by Svetlana Markoff
Angkor Wat: A Must-See Khmer Heritage
Angkor Wat, located in Cambodia in Southeast Asia, is a symbol of Khmer architecture and culture on a global scale. Built in the 12th century during the reign of King Suryavarman II, this religious monument covers 160 hectares, making it the largest in the world. Originally, it was called Vrah Vishnuloka, meaning “sacred abode of Vishnu” in Sanskrit. It served as both a temple dedicated to Vishnu and a royal mausoleum.
Its construction mobilized approximately 300,000 people, including architects, masons and servants, and took nearly 30 years to complete. However, at the end of the 12th century, the temple became a Buddhist site, marking a spiritual turning point while retaining its central role in Khmer history.
Cosmological Architecture and Artistic Heritage
Angkor Wat combines spirituality and architectural genius, drawing inspiration from Hindu cosmology. Its design evokes Mount Meru, considered the mythical center of the universe. The central tower, surrounded by four smaller towers, represents the peaks of Mount Meru. The moat surrounding the temple symbolizes the cosmic sea.
Unlike most Angkorian temples that face east, Angkor Wat faces west, a direction associated with Vishnu. In addition, its three ascending rectangular galleries reflect a spiritual progression toward the celestial realms, culminating in the central sanctuary.
Angkor Wat’s walls feature intricate bas-reliefs that tell mythological and historical stories. Among them, the “Churning of the Sea of Milk” illustrates a legend in which gods and demons join forces to extract the elixir of immortality. These symbolic decorations highlight the cultural and spiritual heritage of the Khmer empire, making Angkor Wat a major work of devotion and art.
Did you know?
The construction of Angkor Wat involved around 300,000 people, including architects, workers and sculptors, and lasted nearly 30 years.
Angkor Wat: A Place of Spiritual Devotion
Originally built as a Hindu temple, Angkor Wat is today an active and spiritual Buddhist site. Every year, thousands of pilgrims visit the monument to pay their respects, seek blessings, and reconnect with their spiritual roots.
For Cambodian Buddhists, Angkor Wat plays a central role during religious festivals, including Khmer New Year and Pchum Ben. During these celebrations, worshipers light incense, chant prayers, and offer food and flowers. These moments of collective worship create an atmosphere of devotion and respect for tradition.
Worldwide Recognition by UNESCO
In 1992, UNESCO inscribed Angkor Wat as a World Heritage Site, highlighting its cultural and historical significance. This status protects the site for future generations while raising international awareness of its conservation.
Although Angkor Wat is not among the New 7 Wonders of the World, it frequently appears in global lists. This recognition illustrates its role as a masterpiece of human creativity and a symbol of Khmer heritage.
Did you know?
The giant trees of Ta Prohm, with their roots entangled in the ruins, mainly belong to the species Tetrameles nudiflora and Ficus.
Angkor Temples: A Journey Through Khmer History and Art
The Angkor Archaeological Park, located in Cambodia, covers more than 400 square kilometers and includes emblematic temples of the Khmer civilization. Each site reveals a unique aspect of its architectural genius and spiritual wealth.
- Ta Prohm: This temple is famous for its giant trees whose roots intertwine with the ruins. Preserved in an almost intact state, it offers a unique atmosphere. Known as the “Tomb Raider Temple”, it was immortalized in the film Lara Croft: Tomb Raider.
- Bayon: Located in the center of Angkor Thom, this temple is known for its towers carved with faces likely representing Avalokiteshvara or the Khmer king. Its intricate bas-reliefs tell historical and spiritual stories.
- Banteay Srei: This 10th-century temple, dedicated to Shiva and Parvati, is famous for its pink sandstone sculptures and architectural finesse. Called the “Jewel of Khmer Art,” it is a testament to the expertise of Khmer artisans.
Finally, Angkor Wat, dedicated to Vishnu before becoming Buddhist, remains the symbol of Cambodian heritage. Its majestic towers, detailed bas-reliefs, and cosmological architecture continue to fascinate visitors from around the world.
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