Between Bali and Nusa Penida, a small island stands out as a true jewel of Indonesia. Renowned for its heavenly beaches and clear waters, it is also famous for an iconic activity: seaweed farming in Lembongan. Combining tradition and innovation, this industry raises a key question: can it become a model of sustainability on a global scale?
Article & photography by © Damien Lafon
A Tradition Rooted in Local History
Seaweed farming in Lembongan dates back to the 1980s. Faced with low yields from fishing and traditional agriculture, locals turned to growing red seaweed, especially Eucheuma, to meet the growing demand for carrageenan, a gelling agent used in the food and cosmetics industries. This change has not only transformed the island’s landscape, but also brought new economic stability to the population.
Eco-Friendly Techniques
Seaweed farming relies on simple and environmentally friendly methods. Farmers attach seaweed fragments to ropes stretched in shallow water. This manual approach limits ecological impacts while ensuring rapid growth thanks to ideal conditions: crystal clear waters and moderate currents.
Recent innovations, such as biodegradable ropes and vertical cultivation techniques, increase yields while reducing the impact on marine ecosystems. These solutions strengthen the viability of this activity in a context of increased awareness of sustainability.
Did you know?
Red algae, like those grown in Lembongan, are used in everyday products including toothpaste, ice cream and even some medicines.
An Economically Crucial Industry
Today, approximately 85% of Lembongan’s population depends directly or indirectly on seaweed farming. On average, dried seaweed sells for between USD 0.60 and USD 1.20 per kilogram, with income fluctuating depending on global markets and climate conditions. The profits generated support education, healthcare, and other local infrastructure.
Despite these benefits, reliance on a single resource exposes communities to economic risks. Diversifying derivative products, such as bioplastics or natural fertilizers, could reduce this vulnerability.
Ecological Challenges: Between Threats and Solutions
Although seaweed farming is hailed for its low environmental impact, it is not without risks. Overexploitation can lead to degradation of marine habitats and a decline in biodiversity. Farmers must manage these impacts by adopting practices such as rotating cultivation areas and restoring coral reefs.
In addition, seaweed plays a vital ecological role by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, contributing to the health of marine ecosystems. Their sustainable exploitation is therefore crucial to preserving this balance.
A Model for the Future?
Lembongan seaweed farming represents a promising example of sustainable aquaculture. Diversification opportunities, combined with the rise of ecotourism, can open new markets and strengthen the local economy. Visitors, increasingly attracted by authentic and environmentally friendly experiences, could help make Lembongan an international model of sustainability.
By combining local traditions and technological innovations, this activity goes beyond the simple economic framework. It reflects the importance of a balance between exploitation and conservation, ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems while supporting local communities. Through sustainable initiatives, Lembongan could become a global reference for seaweed aquaculture, proving that ecology and profitability can go hand in hand.
Did you know?
Some species of algae can be used to make biofuels, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels.
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